Sunscreen ingredients are harmful to children

What the research found

A 2020 systematic review of 29 human studies looked at two common filters, oxybenzone and octinoxate. It found no adverse effect of oxybenzone on fertility, fetal growth, child neurodevelopment or sexual maturation. Links with thyroid hormone, testosterone, kidney function and puberty timing were reported, but the evidence was not enough to show cause.

A 2021 review found lab and environmental studies showing a range of effects, mostly on marine life. It said almost no data supports human harm at currently used amounts, except contact allergy. It also noted long-term human use data are limited.

A 2023 review and meta-analysis found that blood levels of oxybenzone after one whole-body application of a 4% sunscreen may overlap with levels that cause hormone-disrupting effects in lab tests. That is a reason for ongoing study, not proof of harm in children. Australian health guidance states that ingredients in Australian sunscreen are safe.

What it doesn’t mean

• The most common side effects are local skin reactions. Test a new sunscreen on a small patch of the inner forearm first, especially on young children, and ask a pharmacist or doctor if a reaction occurs.
• Sunscreen should not be the only protection. Clothing, hats, shade and sunglasses matter too. For babies under 6 months, sunscreen use should be minimised and a health professional consulted if it must be used.
• Research on long-term effects in children is limited, so talk to a GP or child health nurse if you have specific concerns.