Sunglasses protect children's eyes from UV damage

What the research found

Reviews of eye research (2018 and 2022) found UV radiation can damage the eye, and children are especially vulnerable. A 2018 review said children have larger pupils and more transparent eye tissue. A 2022 review found sunglasses with the right filter noticeably reduce UV reaching the retina in childhood and adolescence.

The World Health Organization says short-term UV eye injury such as painful inflamed corneas is easily prevented by protective eyewear. It recommends wraparound sunglasses giving 99 to 100% UVA and UVB protection. Australian child health guidance and a 2011 paediatric review also recommend sunglasses as part of sun protection.

Most of the research describes how UV harms eyes and how sunglasses cut exposure. The advice rests on reviews and guidance rather than on trials of children with and without sunglasses.

What it doesn’t mean

• Sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays offer the best protection. Wraparound styles work best because they stop UV sneaking in from the side.
• Sunglasses are one part of sun protection. Guidance recommends combining them with a hat, clothing, shade and sunscreen when the UV Index is 3 or higher.
• If your child has eye pain, redness or vision changes after time in the sun, or you have concerns about their eyes, see a GP or eye professional.