Shade alone fully protects kids from UV

What the research found

Australian and international health guidance is consistent. UV can scatter in the air and bounce off buildings, concrete, sand, water and snow, and it can pass through light cloud. The American Academy of Pediatrics says shade or clouds reduce but do not eliminate exposure, so sun safety still matters in shady spots.

Studies show shade can cut exposure, but not to zero. A 2023 study at a Canadian childcare centre with 22 children aged 3 to 5 found shade sails cut UV exposure by 50%. A 2019 Western Australian study of 48 early childhood centres found that centre vegetation was linked to lower UV exposure, but the Shade Factor measure of shade coverage was not.

A 2020 systematic review of seven studies found that evidence on shade provision and shade-seeking behaviour was the most apparent among the environmental measures it looked at, though it said more research is needed. Expert recommendations in 2024 advise combining shade with clothing, a hat, sunglasses and SPF 30+ sunscreen when the UV index is forecast to reach 3 or higher.

What it doesn’t mean

• This does not mean shade is not worth using. It is one of the five recommended sun protection steps and cut UV exposure by 50% in one childcare study.
• Babies need extra care. Guidance says to keep babies out of direct sun when UV levels reach 3 or higher, and to use clothing, hats and shade. Sunscreen is not recommended for babies under 6 months.
• Children can burn in as little as 10 minutes. See a doctor if sunburn is severe, with large blisters, signs of infection or dehydration, or if you notice new spots or unusual skin growths.