Screens are not the problem for children's mental health

What the research found

A 2023 systematic review of 50 studies in adolescents found most reported links between screen exposure and mental health problems. Social media use was linked with lower wellbeing and, in girls, a higher risk of depression. The authors said results varied and more research was needed on content and devices.

A 2024 study followed 9,538 children aged 9 to 10 for two years. Higher screen time at the start was linked with more mental health symptoms later, strongest for depressive, conduct, somatic and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. A 2025 review and a 2026 Italian paediatric guideline review also link heavy screen use with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne says many studies link screen time and teen mental health, and the effect seems to depend on the type of use. Television may matter less than social media. Online bullying is linked with worse mental health. It advises limiting teens' screen time (excluding schoolwork) to two hours or less a day and turning devices off an hour before bed.

What it doesn’t mean

• Most of this evidence shows links, not proof that screens cause mental health problems. One review noted that results varied and more research is needed.
• Not all screen use is equal. American Academy of Pediatrics guidance says a simple 2-hour rule is not enough. Content, what screens crowd out (such as sleep and time with family) and talking with your child about media also matter.
• If your child seems persistently sad, anxious, withdrawn or is struggling with sleep, talk to your GP or child health nurse.