Rash vests and sun-protective clothing protect kids better than sunscreen

What the research found

A 2004 systematic review found that covering up, seeking shade and avoiding peak sun can protect against UV radiation. It also noted that sunscreen used alone is not considered adequate protection. That supports clothing as an important layer, but it doesn't show clothing beats sunscreen.

None of the research gives a head-to-head result for clothing versus sunscreen in children. Health guidance from Australia and the US instead recommends combining measures. These include sun-protective clothing, SPF50+ sunscreen, a broad-brimmed hat, shade and sunglasses whenever the UV Index is 3 or higher.

Fabric matters. Guidance says tightly woven clothes protect better than loose weaves, and clothing with a UPF label is an option. Sunscreen works too, but only if it is applied properly and not used as a reason to stay out longer. An observational study of 20 NSW primary schools found that sunscreen use at school was negligible. Only 60% of children wore a sun-safe hat at break times.

What it doesn’t mean

• This doesn't mean sunscreen is unnecessary. Guidance says to use it on skin that clothing and hats don't cover, such as the face, hands and feet.
• A rash vest or sun-protective shirt only protects the skin it covers. Children still need a hat, shade and sunglasses, and sunscreen on exposed areas.
• Children can get sunburnt in as little as 10 minutes, and even one severe sunburn can raise later skin cancer risk. Babies under 12 months should be kept out of direct sun when UV is 3 or higher. Ask a GP or child health nurse if you're unsure what suits your child's skin.