Pool fences prevent toddler drownings

What the research found

A 2015 systematic review looked at seven studies of drowning prevention in children and teenagers. It grouped pool fencing with education and swimming lessons as possible effective strategies, especially for children aged 2 to 4. It also noted that very little evidence exists for older children. A Cochrane review in 2000 was set up to test whether pool fencing prevents drowning in young children.

A 2018 pediatric review lists pool isolation fencing among the preventive measures supported by the literature. A 2017 Queensland study describes four-sided, non-climbable fencing as an effective way to keep children out of home pools. That study also looked at under-5 pool drowning deaths after the state tightened its fencing laws in 2009.

Victorian health guidance says backyard pools record the most toddler drowning deaths in metropolitan areas. It recommends barriers such as pool gates and fencing to restrict access to water.

What it doesn’t mean

• Fencing is one layer of protection, not a guarantee. Guidance says the most important step is actively watching your child around water at all times. Twenty seconds is all it takes for a toddler to drown.
• Fences only help where they are installed. Most toddler drowning deaths happen in rivers, creeks, lakes, bathtubs and backyard pools, and a child can drown in 5 centimetres of water.
• Guidance also recommends parents learn infant and child CPR. Talk to your GP or child health nurse about water safety for your child.