Plastic exposure harms children's health

What the research found

A 2025 systematic review looked at studies from 2013 to December 2023. It found several studies linking BPA exposure during pregnancy with a higher risk of ADHD in children. The authors said more research is needed. BPA is a chemical commonly used in plastics and resins.

A 2024 narrative review looked at phthalates and BPA that move from packaging into food. Results across studies were mixed for early puberty, particularly in girls, and for obesity. The researchers described the effects as complex rather than clear-cut.

For microplastics, a 2023 review noted that tiny plastic particles have been found in the human placenta and raised questions about child health. A 2024 systematic review found them in human reproductive tissue. It said animal and cell studies suggest possible harm, but links to pregnancy outcomes in humans are not known.

A paediatric guidance page lists possible concerns from plastic additives: effects on hormones, weight gain and brain development. It says these chemicals can leach from plastics, especially when heated, and suggests practical ways families can reduce exposure.

What it doesn’t mean

• This does not mean plastic is proven to cause ADHD, early puberty or obesity. Most of the research finds links, and other factors could be involved.
• Not all plastic exposure is the same. The evidence is about specific chemicals, such as BPA and phthalates, rather than plastic as a whole. Microplastics have little direct human evidence so far.
• Simple steps may lower exposure, such as not microwaving food in plastic and using glass or stainless steel where possible. If you are worried about your child's development or puberty, talk to your GP or child health nurse.